E-government benefits Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

E-government benefits - Research Paper Example Accommodation is likewise portrayed by accessibility of numerous channels achieved by e-government that empowers the residents to pick where and when to get taxpayer supported organizations. What's more, residents with inabilities don't experience the difficulty of moving from one land region to the next looking for taxpayer supported organizations. Besides, e-government has rearranged application forms. Yigitcanlar and Baum (2006) affirms that residents can undoubtedly apply for taxpayer driven organizations without any problem. Through the administration sites, a resident can find solutions to their inquiry without swimming through several unessential data. With e-government, records can be marked carefully, affirmed legitimately and conveyed electronically to the proper areas by means of the web. Data can without much of a stretch be gotten to utilizing a normalized feel and look utilizing MassCares suite applications. A MassCares suite application has empowered residents to serve themselves since routine work of government authorities has been computerized. Furthermore, residents can visit numerous administration offices with a tick of the mouse. With e-government, application process has additionally been made more straightforward through single-windows and single-sign â€on. Third, e-government has expanded citizen’s viability and efficiencies. ... Residents have discovered e-government lessens the measure of time, cash just as materials spend on looking for taxpayer supported organizations. This is on the grounds that correspondence between the administration authorities and residents should be possible through email, shot informing administrations or visit rooms. Moreover, e-government has decreased the odds of residents making mistakes in application since robotization illuminates the client progressively when the blunder happens and permit that person to redress it on the spot. Adequacy and productivity realized by e-government has empowered a few residents to design better their own and expert work. Fourth, e-government has expanded democratization. Residents can without much of a stretch express their suppositions on government arrangements and exercises by means of online overviews or sites. Actually, it has been set up that residents particularly the individuals who are more youthful partake on online conversations of p olicy driven issues and are claimed by e-casting a ballot methodology. The residents can without much of a stretch apply immediate and conspicuous impact to administrative procedures by expanding their political investment on issues influencing them. As indicated by Roy (2004), e-government permits residents to communicate with government authorities just as legislators on significant issues influencing their lives. Texting, online intuitive study, sound/video introductions and blogging will permit government authorities and legislators see and comprehend people’s sees (Alston, 2003). Fifth, e-government has expanded straightforwardness and responsibility in government organizations. With e-government, residents (voter) are permitted to get knowledge on how government choices and strategies are made continuously premise.

Individual Performance Appraisal Paper

Singular Performance Appraisal Paper Presentation Individual execution examination is a method of assessing the degree of an employee’s execution in working environment. In social insurance, the 360-degree criticism is the ordinarily utilized individual execution examination instrument; otherwise called multisource evaluation or multi-rater input since it can include outer associations sometimes. Publicizing We will compose a custom research paper test on Individual Performance Appraisal Paper explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Any evaluation framework ought to be â€Å"relevant and relevant to ordinary work, adequate and reasonable, and a shared joint effort among laborers and employers† (Duraisingam Skinner, 2005, p. 2), and 360-degree input isn't extraordinary; it meets every one of these prerequisites. As the name proposes, 360-degree is an inside and out framework that encompasses a worker with input originating from managers, companions, or subordinates. Now and again, people cond uct self-appraisal while in different occasions outside sources like clients are associated with the assessment procedure. Subsequent to getting the input from the included gatherings, the evaluator utilizes this data to design preparing, settle on managerial choices, or make improvements among others capacities. The 360-degree criticism device works in a straightforward way. An association is required to shape little gatherings of laborers inside various offices to fill in exposition surveys, an assignment that takes under 20 minutes. Subsequent to doing the study, the outcomes are sent to an outer association, which leads an examination of the data gave, and gives an input. The outer association/organization at that point sends the dissected data back to the assessing organization after which it assembles for worker conferences to talk the report and concoct methods of progress by either structuring preparing programs or some other improvement methodologies. This is generally mode st technique; all things considered, it has the two benefits and faults. Benefits and Demerits of this Tool This technique has a few preferences. The 360-degree examination strategy gives a more extensive perspective on worker’s execution when contrasted with the other evaluation instruments (Atkins Wood, 2002, p. 875). This is genuine given the idea of its assessment; there are numerous individuals engaged with the evaluation and this may run from top administration to peers along these lines permitting all-adjusted evaluation â€Å"It is more exhaustive than other examination techniques since they may just need the chief to do the evaluation† (Seifert, Yukl, McDonald, 2003, p. 565). This examination technique expands the acceptability of the evaluation result. The numerous individuals utilized in this evaluation diminish odds of unjustifiable appraisal. Inclinations are limited for not all individuals can be one-sided towards an individual consequently making it a te nable instrument. In this way, some organization choices like advancement are done on merit.Advertising Looking for explore paper on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Given the way that this instrument includes one’s friends, the person under assessment can upgrade his/her own self-improvement. This factor radiates from the way that a representative invests more energy with his/her companions than his/her chief; along these lines, any type of examination will be decidedly taken without the idea of inclination. In such circumstance, the representative under assessment will in all probability leave on a self-improvement program for he/she will realize the outcomes are valid. At last, through 360-degree criticism, representatives find the opportunity to air their perspectives and whine without following the typical bureaucratic objection chain (Seifert, Yukl, McDonald, 2003, p. 565). Workers ca n show their protests when filling in the surveys and this takes out ordinary and long techniques of airing grievances. On the opposite side, there are additionally hardly any bad marks of this framework. This is a tedious exercise. The component of remembering various individuals for the procedure infers additional time utilization in this manner taking out the chance of continuous examination works out. This framework may yield skepticism and doubt in work environment (Smither, London Reilly 2005, p. 39). The board may neglect to coordinate in the examination procedure thus sabotaging their position. Staff individuals may become de-spurred on the off chance that they don't get positive evaluations from their coworkers. This requires a genuine domain, which might be inadequate in numerous foundations. This framework represents the danger of uncovering private data to different organizations (Pfau Kay, 2002, p. 56). This factor comes as a result of redistributing the investigation p hase of the assessment procedure. The outside organization gets all the data about a given organization and this is hazardous in private issues. Consequences for Employees This individual execution the executives framework draws blended responses from representatives. These responses are tied in the benefits and bad marks of the equivalent. On the off chance that all around actualized, representatives work well for clients and become delighted by their work. Workers can realize their presentation very well on the off chance that they take 360-degree input results emphatically. In the event that representatives decide to concentrate on the positive side of the outcomes, at that point they can create themselves rapidly by dealing with their frail focuses as demonstrated in the outcomes. Territories where a worker scores ineffectively are regions that call for consideration and improvement and by so doing, individual execution improves essentially. By the by, a few workers will neglect to concede the outcomes and resort to griping refering to disrupt. Publicizing We will compose a custom research paper test on Individual Performance Appraisal Paper explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More For this situation, the impacts will be crippling and individual execution may drop essentially because of loss of center and fearlessness among different issues related with antagonism. Consequently, the impacts of this framework on worker rely upon how the representative being referred to perspectives and reacts to the outcomes. Impacts on Departmental Performance The impacts of this evaluation technique on departmental execution are like that of individual execution. This is genuine given the way that people make offices and the result of any evaluation relies upon how individuals in those divisions see the consequences of the equivalent. Be that as it may, these examination impacts falls on the departmental heads feel they are capable of running departmental is sues. Thusly, any impact at departmental level will be controlled by the view of departmental heads towards the 360-degree evaluation framework. As indicated by Full Circle Feedback, (2004), the whole division will then ‘react’ to the head’s observation; on the off chance that it is certain, it will fabricate the office yet in the event that it is negative it will call for uncommon estimates causing pressure inside the included office much of the time. Improvement Suggestions/Conclusion Taking into thought the difficulties confronting this framework, individuals may think about utilizing innovation to stay away from the issue of time wastage. Originators of surveys may choose to do it on the web. Also, foundations ought to consider urging people not to customize examination results however to chip away at them for they are straightforward. Nonetheless, this calls for genuineness and transparency in the entire procedure. The 360-degree input framework is an inside and out examination framework including a few people who fill polls concerning various issues. In the wake of filling in the polls, they are sent to an outer organization for investigation before returning to the assessing organization for conversation. This framework has the two benefits and faults; like contribution more extensive perspective on workers execution and time utilization separately; all things considered, fusing innovation and advancing genuineness could explain a few weaknesses of this system.Advertising Searching for look into paper on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Reference List Atkins, P., Wood, R. (2002). Self-Versus Others Ratings as Predictors Of Assessment Center Ratings: Validation Evidence for 360-Degree Feedback Programs. Work force Psychology, 55(4), 871â€904 Duraisingam, V. Skinner, N. (2005). Execution Appraisal. In N. Skinner, A.M. Roche, J. O’connor, Y. Pollard, C. Todd (Eds.), Workforce Development Tips (Theory into Practice Strategies): A Resource Kit for the Alcohol and Other Drugs Field. National Center for Education and Training on Addiction (Nceta), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia Full Circle Feedback. (2004). 360 Degree Feedback. Recovered From, Http://Www.Fullcirclefeedback.Com/Our-Services/360-Degree-Feedback-Explained.Htm Pfau, B. Kay, I. (2002). Does 360-Degree Feedback Negatively Affect Company Performance? Studies Show That 360-Degree Feedback May Do More Harm Than Good. What is The Problem? Hrmagazine, Jun 2002. 47, 6; 54â€60. Seifert, C., Yukl, G., McDonald, R. (2003). Impacts of Multisource Fe edback And A Feedback Facilitator on the Influence of Behavior of Managers Toward Subordinates. Diary of Applied Psychology, 88(3), 561â€569. Smither, J.W., London, M., And Reilly, R.R. (2005). Does Performance Improve Following Multisource Feedback? A Theoretical Model, Meta-Analysis And Review of Empirical Findings. Work force Psychology, 58, 33â€66

loftblogging 2 acoustic boogaloo

loftblogging 2 acoustic boogaloo I had a plan for this blog post: I was going to build a loft01 Quick loft backstory: East Campus gives us a lot of furniture freedom, and many people build lofts for their beds in order to acquire more floor space for other things. during REX, and then write about it. Then I had another plan for this blog post: I was going to build a loft before school starts, and then write about it. Then I had another plan for this blog post: I was going to build a loft in the first week of school, and then write about it. And here we are, in the fourth week of school. But hey! I did build that loft! And she is BEAUTIFUL: The inspiration for this loft started with a really, really old house. An inCREDIBLY COOL old house: the Gamble House, which was built in Pasadena in 1908 by Charles and Henry Greene.02 Who, fun fact, got their architecture degrees from this fine institution! My parents and I were in SoCal last March Break (to visit my four-year-old twin cousins!!!!) and we heard about it through a friend. Because I am a huge architecture/woodworking/crafts nerd, I knew we had to go on a tour; I spent the whole time just f r e a k i n g   o u t about how cool it was and then immediately bought the making-of book, already dreaming about all the things I could build in their beautiful Arts Crafts style. I still have the loft designs I scribbled on a napkin in the car on the way home. Six months later, it turns out that, well, its difficult to build extremely beautiful and fancy things when you are a full time student living in a dorm who doesnt have a lot of woodworking experience and owns almost none of their own tools But all those things considered, I think I didnt do too badly. One of the features that immediately caught my eye was how every single thing in the Gamble House is rounded (even the mf-ing bricks); there are no sharp edges. You can run your hand over every piece of the house, and it feels like a soft, smooth wooden hug. I didnt exactly have the proper tools to pull this off (ideally, a wood router), so instead I just used an orbital sander03 An electric spinning tool to which you attach a piece of sandpaper so you can sand wood faster and without getting carpal tunnel to veeeeeeery carefully sand down each individual sharp edge until it blended into a soft corner. This was difficult. Before and after orbital sanding the edge of a piece of test wood. I liked the way the result softened the piece, but really disliked the uneven look (which I mostly managed to refine in later iterations). Another thing I loved was the richness of the wood: everything in the Gamble House is made of very dark-coloured wood, but it shines so beautifully that looking at it immediately brings to mind the warmth of a low fire. Unfortunately, I make student money and am not in a position to just order up a pallet of beautiful teak or mahogany, nor do I have anywhere near the skill required to do those materials the justice they would deserve. So instead, I bought the cheapest dimensional lumber available at Lowes and then sanded, stained, and varnished the heck out of it. An arrow pointing right Previous An arrow pointing right Next Lastly, I really loved the shapes of things in the Gamble House and the way they fit together. That one particular shape you mightve already noticed in the photos above is called a cloud lift: the Greene brothers used it everywhere, and Im in love with the way it turns a simple object into a just very slightly whimsical and elegant design. In the car on that napkin, and later on graph paper, I drew out cloud lift lofts, over and over, trying to get it right and figure out what the relative lengths of everything had to be to make it look like the ones I had seen. And then I switched cutting tools like three times trying to figure out how to actually cut the wood that way. And then I gave up on doing the most complicated and best looking version, simplified it, and switched cutting tools again. This all took a long. ass. time. And meanwhile, I was trying to run REX install new flooring in my room meet my floors new freshmen attend my classes attend a truly horrendous number of extracurricular meetings do my homework and also my other homework and also my other other homework So its been a long time. There was a week or so, after I realized that finishing before school starts was an illusion of the highest order, when I planned to just post before the loft was done. Except, surprise, I was spending all my available free time, energy, and mental space working on the loft! And to be honest, it was really hard. Of course, Id started out with lofty goals04 NO PUN INTENDED I SWEAR and had had to scale down, but I hadnt anticipated having to scale down, and down, and down. And things went wrong, because of course they do; but unlike in a class, where I can always go to office hours or ask my TA, sometimes I was just in the basement, alone, at midnight, trying to varnish the wood, getting dust in it and wiping it off over and over, feeling like I would never be able to finish successfully. (Although, thank god there was someone with me the time I accidentally spilled the wood stain everywhere, and thank you so, so much for helping me clean everything up.) It took so long to get anything done, and afterwards there was always another step, and another mistake to make that I wouldnt see coming or be able to fix, and another night of falling into bed exhausted, having neglected everything else I was hoping to get done that day and feeling unsatisfied with the work I had accomplished. Spoiler alert: theres still some dust in the varnish. And Ive made well, Im in the process of making my peace with that. I can tell you so many things that are wrong in the pictures of my loft: so much I should probably fix in the future, and so much that I didnt see coming in the past and will never be able to fix now. But Im trying to set that aside, and appreciate that I turned a pile of plain, straight, white, splintery wood into this: The empty space is about 18. Theres going to be a shelf there soon! Photo credits go to Maxwell Yun 21. And now I can sleep easy. Post Tagged #East Campus #lofts #woodworking Quick loft backstory: East Campus gives us a lot of furniture freedom, and many people build lofts for their beds in order to acquire more floor space for other things. back to text ? back to text ? An electric spinning tool to which you attach a piece of sandpaper so you can sand wood faster and without getting carpal tunnel back to text ? NO PUN INTENDED I SWEAR back to text ?

Definition and Examples of Clustering in Composition

In composition, a discovery strategy in which the writer groups ideas in a nonlinear fashion, using lines and circles to indicate relationships. Clustering Clustering (sometimes also known as branching or mapping) is a structured technique based on the same associative principles as brainstorming and listing. Clustering is distinct, however, because it involves a slightly more developed heuristic (Buzan Buzan, 1993; Glenn et al., 2003; Sharples, 1999; Soven, 1999). Clustering procedures vary considerably, although the fundamental objective is to equip students with tools for arranging words, phrases, concepts, memories, and propositions triggered by a single stimulus (i.e., a piece of information, a topic, a provocative question, a metaphor, a visual image). As with other [invention] techniques..., clustering should first be modeled and practiced in class so students can eventually incorporate the tool into their own repertoire of invention and planning strategies.(Dana Ferris and John Hedgcock, Teaching ESL Composition: Purpose, Process, and Practice, 2nd ed. Lawrence Erlbaum, 2005) Guidelines for Teaching the Clustering Process What instructions should you give to begin this prewriting process? I have found the following both appropriate and effective:(Gabriele Lusser Rico, Clustering: A Prewriting Process, in Practical Ideas for Teaching Writing As a Process, ed. by Carol B. Olson. Diane, 1996)Tell students that they are going to use a tool that will enable them to write more easily and more powerfully, a tool similar to brainstorming.Encircle a word on the board--for example, energy--and ask students, What do you think of when you see that word? Encourage all responses. Cluster these responses, radiating outward. When they have finished giving their responses, say, See how many ideas there are floating around in your heads? Now, if you cluster all by yourself, you will have a set of connections as unique to your own mind as a thumbprint is to your thumb.Now ask students to cluster a second word for themselves. Before they begin, tell them that the clustering process should take no more than one or two min utes and that the paragraph they will write should take about eight minutes. Ask them to keep clustering until the Aha! shift, signaling that their mind is holding something they can shape into a whole. In writing, the only constraint is that they come full circle: i.e., that they do not leave the writing unfinished. Some excellent words are afraid or try or help.After they finish writing, ask students to give a title to what they have written that is suggestive of the whole. Mind-Mapping Mind-mapping is a colorful and creative method of generating, organizing, and remembering ideas. To mind-map, write your topic in the center of a blank page within a visual representation of your topic, such as a giant musical note, a sailboat, or scuba gear. If no central image comes to mind, use a box, heart, circle, or other shape. Then use various colors of ink to color-code related ideas. From the central figure draw radiating lines like the rays of the sun or branches and roots of a tree. Then, as you think of parts of the subject you wish to discuss, jot down pictures, key words, or phrases on or near these lines. Also add examples and subparts using branching lines and more images and words. If you do not already have a central focus for your essay, watch for a key phrase or image as you complete your exploration.(Diana Hacker and Betty Renshaw, Writing With a Voice, 2nd ed. Scott, Foresman, 1989) Also Known As: branching, mapping

Population Growth Density Dependent Factors Abstract...

Population Growth: Density dependent factors Abstract Sets of experiments were used to assess the growth rate of the Lemna minor, a duckweed population. The growth of Lemna minor was observed and followed by counting and recording the number of thalli on a weekly basis. These experiments were constructed lab models which varied the size of the starting thalli population, and varied the nutrient concentration the thali were placed in. In the first experimental model two plastic cups were prepared with pond water, then two healthy lemna minor plants were placed in the first cup while fifteen healthy lemna minor plants were placed in the second cup. The second experimental model consisted of four nutrient concentrations, a control model of no nutrients, a low nutrient model, a medium nutrient model and a high nutrient model. At high density populations, we observed a nonlinear decreasing growth rate with increasing lemna minor density. At very low densities, as expected, we observed an inverse density dependence. Duckweed reproduces by budding, causing a larger density to reproduce a greater amount of biomass. This would indicate that Duckweed likes overcrowding, and this may be a possible clue to the limiting factor in the growth of Duckweed. Introduction Lemna minor, commonly known as duckweed, is efficient and fast growing, making it an ideal experimental organism. It is known as a small aquatic monocotyledon which can be found floating in ponds, lakes or streams (Harper,Show MoreRelatedThe Effects of Population Density on the Reproduction and Survival of Daphnia Magna2308 Words   |  10 PagesAbstract The population dynamics of Daphnia magna are observed under three different conditions; low, medium, and high density. The effects of different population densities on the survivorship and reproduction of Daphnia are observed over a two-week period within a lab environment. Over the two week period, the numbers of parent Daphnia alive and dead are recorded daily, along with the amount of offspring produced each day. From the main parameter investigated, the net reproductive rate, theRead MoreInstitutions as a Fundamental Cause of Long-Run14323 Words   |  58 PagesAS A FUNDAMENTAL CAUSE OF LONG-RUN GROWTH DARON ACEMOGLU 1 , Department of Economics, MIT, 50 Memorial Drive E52-3806, Cambridge, MA 02142 e-mail: damn@mit.edu SIMON JOHNSON Sloan School o f h f a ~ g e m e n t , MIT, 50 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02142 e-mail: sjohnson@mit.edu JAMES A. ROBINSON Deparhnent of Government, WCFIA, Harvard University, 1033 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138 e-mail: jmbinson@gov.harvard.edu Contents Abstract Keywords 1. Introduction 1.1. TheRead MoreGlobal Climate Change : A Threat Of Aphid Populations Essay8320 Words   |  34 PagesClimate Change: A Threat to Aphid Populations Abstract Global climate change is a matter of grave concern in the present scenario casting its significant and lasting effect on the flora and fauna dwelling over earth. A number of factors such as biotic processes, variations in solar radiation received by earth, plate tectonics, volcanic eruptions certain human activities can be considered as key components responsible for this devastating phenomenon. Aphid populations are also under potential threatRead MoreNihms4511 Words   |  19 PagesNational Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892–4442, USA. Abstract $watermark-text The skin is the human body’s largest organ, colonized by a diverse milieu of microorganisms, most of which are harmless or even beneficial to their host. Colonization is driven by the ecology of the skin surface, which is highly variable depending on topographical location, endogenous host factors and exogenous environmental factors. The cutaneous innate and adaptive immune responses can modulateRead MoreInstitution as the Fundamental Cause of Long Tern Growth39832 Words   |  160 PagesNBER WORKING PAPER SERIES INSTITUTIONS AS THE FUNDAMENTAL CAUSE OF LONG-RUN GROWTH Daron Acemoglu Simon Johnson James Robinson Working Paper 10481 http://www.nber.org/papers/w10481 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 May 2004 Prepared for the Handbook of Economic Growth edited by Philippe Aghion and Steve Durlauf. We thank the editors for their patience and Leopoldo Fergusson, Pablo Querubà ­n and Barry Weingast for their helpful suggestions. TheRead MoreSurvival Strategy for Startup Business10775 Words   |  44 Pagesappreciate the comments of the journal associate editor and reviewers, as well as the financial support of the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation. All remaining errors are ours. Product Strategies and Firm Survival in Technologically Dynamic Industries ABSTRACT Studying the US personal computer industry from its inception in 1974 through 1994, we address the following questions. What product strategies increase the survival chances of entrants into new, technologically dynamic industries? Does the effectivenessRead MoreMonte Carlo Simulation218872 Words   |  876 Pages19 21 25 32 36 39 39 39 43 44 47 49 53 54 58 63 63 65 71 79 79 79 90 93 2 3 x Contents 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.2.1 Basic Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 3.2.2 Path-Dependent Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 3.2.3 Multiple Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Gaussian Short Rate Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108Read MoreImpact of Globalization and Bangladesh18126 Words   |  73 PagesMONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT Over the past decades, globalization has now become a new world order, which virtually influences everything that comes in our mind. Developing countries like Bangladesh with vulnerable geopolitical locations and weak economies are now lookingRead More4g Communication22481 Words   |  90 Pages4G WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Anto vinoth.M, Punith Maharishi.Y.R antovinoth.m@gmail.com maharishipunith@yahoo.com Abstract— Mobile communication is continuously one of the hottest areas that are developing at a booming speed, with advanced techniques emerging in all the fields of mobile and wireless communications. With this rapid development it is expected that fourth generation mobile systems will be launched within decades. 4G mobile systems focus on seamlessly integrating the existingRead MoreRetailing Characteristics of Fast Food Stores and Their Impact on Customer Sales and Satisfaction29639 Words   |  119 Pages Research Framework and Methodology 3.1 Research purpose†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.2 Hypothesis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3.3 Data Collection†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.4 Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.5 Factor Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ï  ¶ Chap-4 Result and Interpretation 4.1 Interpretation of Result†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ï  ¶ Chap-5 Suggestions and Managerial Implications ï  ¶ Chap-6 Limitations of the study References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..

Mamie Clark Free Essays

Running head: MAMIE CLARK 1 Famous Person in Psychology: Mamie Phipps Clark MAMIE CLARK 2 Famous Person in Psychology: Mamie Phipps Clark Mamie Phipps Clark was born in Hot Spring, Arkansas on April 18, 1917 to Dr. Harold and Katie Phipps. Due to her father having a practice in town the family had achieved middle class status and was allowed into many establishments that were normally whites only, which during that time in Arkansas was rarely heard of. We will write a custom essay sample on Mamie Clark or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even though few higher educational opportunities were open to black students, after graduating from Langston High School in 1934, Mamie was offered several scholarships and chose to accept one from Howard University. (Cherry,2013) Mamie chose to study at Howard University because it was located in the nation’s capital and because of the many accomplished black members of its faculty whom she viewed as role models. She began her studies at Howard as a math major, minoring in physics. There she met her future husband, Kenneth B. Clark, who was studying for his master’s in psychology. After not getting much encouragement from her professor’s in mathematics, Kenneth encouraged Mamie to change her major to psychology for employment possibilities and the chance to explore her interest in children. (Cherry, 2013) When completing her master’s degree in 1939, she worked and studied children in an all-black preschool. During that time she met with pyschologists, Ruth and Gene Harley who were studying self-identification in young children and encouraged Mamie to do the same with the children in the preschool. This resulted in her completed thesis â€Å"The Development of Consciousness of Self in Negro Pre-School Children†. (Cherry,2013) MAMIE CLARK 3 Mamie transferred to Columbia University to finish her doctorate degree, where she graduated in 1943 as the second African American to earn a degree (first eing her husband, Kenneth Clark). Then Drs. Mamie and Kenneth Clark used their research with children to show that black children became aware of their racial identity by the age of 3 and by segregating them from white children the children saw their race as negative. This led the Clark’s to present their findings during desegregation trials for the NAACP’s case in Brown v. Board of Education, which overturned racial segregation in public schools in 1954. (Mamie Clark, 2013) After several years working in public and private social services being unsatisfied with what she saw, Mamie founded the Northside Center for Child Development, the first center to provide therapy for children in Harlem. At a time when public schools were illegally enrolling many black children into programs for the mentally handicapped, the center conducted its own intelligence tests, fought the schools, and empowered the local population. Realizing that therapy alone could not address the affects of racism on the community, Northside also assisted families with their housing and financial difficulties. Mamie Clark worked for Northside until retirement in 1980 and died three years later of cancer. (Mamie Clark, 2013) Using the Sociocultural aspect of psychology, it is easily seen that Mamie Clark was influenced by social and cultural she experienced in her life. Growing up in Arkansas during the times where racism were very apparent and segregation was dominant, she was fortunate enough to have been born into a middle class family. Mamie was able to see both sides of the segregation by being allowed into white establishments. This had a significant impact on her way of thinking, she wanted to both races to be seen equally and this eventually led to her involvement in the desegregation of public schools. MAMIE CLARK 4 References Mamie Clark, a Supporter of the Black Child. (2013). Retrieved on January 18, 2013 from http://www. aaregistry. org/historic_events/view/mamie-clark-supporter-black-child Cherry, Kendra. Mamie Phipps Clark Biography. (2013). Retrieved on January 18, 2013 from How to cite Mamie Clark, Papers

Characteristics of Developing Countries free essay sample

The Structure of Industry †¢ It is widely assumed that all developing countries depend upon the production and exporting of primary products. †¢ While this may be true of many developing countries, many are reliant on basic manufactured products for exports. eg: Bangladesh) †¢ Others such as Cape Verde and Maldives are actually mainly exporters of services in the form of tourism. 6. Per Capita Income Levels †¢ Although it is often assumed that all developing countries have very low levels of income per capita, we should be aware that there are marked differences between per capita income from developing country to developing country. †¢ Venezuela has a high GDP per capita, but it is still very much a developing country. 7. Political Structures Developing countries have very different political structures from each other. Democracies Such as Brazil, Indonesia and Mexico Monarchies Such as Brunei and Tobago Military Rule Such as Myanmar and Pakistan Single Party Rule Such as China, Cuba and Syria Transitional Political Systems Where a country is in transition often caused by conflict and civil war and cannot be classified (e. We will write a custom essay sample on Characteristics of Developing Countries or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page g. Somalia) Within each structure, there are of course many substructures. Example Democracies may be presidential systems, semi-presidential systems, parliamentary republics or constitutional monarchies. o The main point is that with developing countries being so diverse in their systems or government, it is very difficult to establish one-size-fits all solutions to developmental problems. To conclude, we can say that while there are some common characteristics that are held by developing countries to some degree, there are also several significant differences. o One must be very cautious in making generalizations that imply that all developing countries are the same Characteristics of Developing Countries free essay sample Characteristics of Developing Countries BY Hafeez260 The theme of this essay is: the importance of a study of other semi-developed countries as they struggle for economic growth, the elimination of mass poverty and, at the political level, for democratisation and the reduction of reliance on coercion. New countries are finding their voices in all sorts of ways and are managing to interest an international audience. South Africa is not least among them; contemporary international consciousness of the travail of our particular path towards modernity testifies at least to a considerable national talent for dramatic ommunication and (for those who care to look more deeply) a far from extinct tradition of moral conscientiousness. One aspect of this flowering is a rapidly growing crop of social scientific studies of semi-developed countries of which this university is fortunate to have a substantial collection, contained mainly in the library of Jan Smuts House. From this literature, one can extract five themes of particular interest. We will write a custom essay sample on Characteristics of Developing Countries or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The first is the problem of uneven development and effective national unification, especially in deeply divided societies. Capitalist development has mpinged on semi-developed countries from outside rather than transforming slowly from within, incorporating different groups in different ways. Particular problems arise when differential incorporation coincides in substantial measure with boundaries between ethnic groups. If Donald Horowitzs remarkable study of ethnic groups in conflict is right, more energy goes into attempting to maximise differences in the welfare of in groups and out groups than into maximising their Joint welfare, with adverse consequences for the possibilities of building the national political and economic institutions required for development. Gordon Tullock has argued that this is an additional reason for preferring market-based rather than state-led economic growth in deeply divided societies. In itself it is, but the secondary effects of different paths on distribution have to be taken into account. In so far as they lead to worsening differentials between groups, the possibility of heightened conflict is created. The only long-term hope is to make ethnic boundaries less salient; the happiest outcome would seem to be when ethnicity becomes decorative in a high income economic environment. This is likely to be the work of decades, perhaps of enturies; even so, appalling retrogressions always seem to remain possible. The consequence of deep divisions is that there is likely to exist an unusually large number of prisoners dilemma situations. The prisoners dilemma arises when partners in crime are apprehended and held separately. The prisoners will be Jointly better off if they do not inform on each other, but each prisoner will be better off if he informs on the other, while the other does not inform on him. Attempts at individual maximisation may lead to both prisoners informing on each other which leads to the orst Joint outcome. The dilemma arises because of the absence of the o pportunity for co-operation. ) Under such conditions, negotiation skills are at a premium. There are also advantages in the acceptance of a deontological liberal philosophy which (in the shorthand of political philosophers) places the right over the good. This involves seeking to regulate social relations by Just procedures while leaving individuals as free as possible to pursue their own, diverse conceptions of the good life. Such an attention should be paid simultaneously to the reduction of poverty. The analytical Marxist, Adam Przeworski has analysed analogous problems which arise in the case of severe class conflict. In his view, social democratic compromises are held together by virtue of the propensity of capitalists to reinvest part of their profits with the effect of increasing worker incomes in the future. Class compromise is made possible by two simultaneous expectations: workers expect that their incomes will rise over time, while capitalists expect to be able to devote some of their profits to consumption. In conditions of severe class conflict, these expectations about the future become ncertain, time horizons shorten, workers become militant, capitalists disinvest and political instability results. Three forms of resolution are available: stabilising external intervention, negotiation or renegotiation of a social contract or the strengthening of the position of one or other class by a shift towards conservatism or revolution. Przeworskis sternest warnings are to Marxists who assume that revolution and the introduction of socialism is the inevitable outcome of a crisis. The second theme in the literature on semi-developed countries has to do with their position within the world economy. Three related sub-themes can be identified. Firstly, there has been a debate about the forms and limits of the diffusion of industrialisation. Dependency theory now somewhat out of fashion, since its predictions of severe limitations on industrialisation in developing countries have been falsified asserted that relationships between developing and developed countries are such as to keep the latter in perpetual economic subordination. The contrary thesis that advanced industrial countries have had to deal with increased competition arising from quite widespread diffusion now seems more plausible.

Links Between Crime And Punishment And A Dolls House Essays

Links between Crime and Punishment and A Doll's House Links between Crime and Punishment and A Doll's House There are many links between Crime and Punishment, by Fyodor Dostoyevsky and A Doll's House, by Henrik Isben. Each character goes through many ironic situations. Throughout both of the works all three types of irony are used. In this essay irony is going to be used to link the two works together. Dramatic, situational, and verbal irony are going to be used to link the two works together. Dramatic irony is used throughout Crime and Punishment. The reader knows that Rodion Romanovitch Raskolnikov killed the pawnbroker, Alyona Ivanovna, and her sister, Lizaveta Ivanovna. A quote to support this is, "He took the axe right out, swung it up in both hands, barely conscious of what he was doing, and almost without effort, almost effort, almost mechanically, brought the butt of it down on the old woman's head." (Dostoyevsky 114) No one in the novel knows who killed the pawnbroker and her sister except for Raskolnikov. The police officer, Porfiry Petrovitch, suspects that Raskolnikov killed the pawnbroker and her sister but he cannot prove it. The reader also knows that Luzhin puts money in Sofya Semyonovna Marmeladov's pocket when she is not looking. After Sofya, whose nickname is Sonia, finishes talking to Luzhin she leaves. Sonia has no idea that Luzhin has put money into her pocket. Raskolnikov's friend, Andrei Semyonovitch Lebezyatnikov, was present when all of that takes place. "All of this was observed by Andrei Semyonovich." (Dostoyevsky 460) Luzhin goes to a reception for Sonia's father, Semyon Zakharovitch Marmeladov, and announces that Sonia is a thief. Sonia immediately denies the accusation. Luzhin tells her to look in her pocket. Sure enough the money that he was missing was there. Luzhin wants Sonia to marry him but she does not love him. Luzhin plans to blackmail Sonia into marrying him. Lebezyatnikov steps in to save the day when he says, "I saw it. I saw it.... And even though it's against my convictions, I would be prepared to swear to it on oath in any court of law you'd care to name, because I saw how you slipped it into her pocket on the sly!" (Dostoyevsky 465) A Doll's House also contains many examples of dramatic irony. In A Doll's House the reader is aware that Nora borrowed money from Krogstad without her husband's permission. Nora also forged her father's name to gain the money. She says, "You don't know all. I forged a name." (Isben 44) In the following conversation between Nora and Christine it is clearly stated that Torvald does not know of Nora's actions: "Mrs. Linde. And since then have you never told your secret to your husband? Nora. Good heavens, no!" (Isben 13) Another example of dramatic irony in A Doll's House is when Nora wants to practice a dance called the Tarantella. When Torvald goes to look in the letter box Nora says, "Torvald please don't. There is nothing in there." (Isben 46) The reader knows that Nora has not forgotten the dance. The reader knows this when Torvald goes to check the mail and Nora begins to play the Tarantella. Nora then says, "I can't dance to-morrow if I don't practise with you." (Isben 46) The reader knows that all Nora is trying to do is keep Torvald from reading the mail which contains a letter from Krogstad. Situational irony is also used throughout the two works. In Crime and Punishment Raskolnikov is the one who murdered the two sisters. It was totally unexpected when Nikolai came to the police office and said, "I'm the guilty one! The sin is mine! I'm the murderer!" (Dostoyevsky 413) The reader did not expect Nikolai to confess to the two murders because the reader knows that Raskolnikov is the one who murdered the two sisters. Porfiry did not expect Nikolai to confess either. He was positive that Raskolnikov had murdered the pawnbroker and her sister. It is also ironic when Raskolnikov goes to the police station and says, "What if it were I who murdered Lizaveta and the old woman?" (Dostoyevsky 211) Zamyotov just sits back and smiles. Raskolnikov then says, "Admit that you believed me! You did didn't you?" (Dostoyevsky 211) "Of course I didn't! And now I believe you even less!" (Dostoyevsky 211) The reader expects Zamyotov to do his job and arrest Raskolnikov when he confesses to the murders. Letting Raskolnikov is a surprise to everyone including himself. In A Doll's House there are also examples of situational irony. An example of situational irony is when Nora leaves Torvald.

Eternal Love Through Death Essay Example

Eternal Love Through Death Essay Example Eternal Love Through Death Paper Eternal Love Through Death Paper Essay Topic: Keats Poems and Letters Love, being one of the most debated topics in literature, often serves as a source of inspirations for many of writers and poets, including John Keats. Throughout his life, he wrote countless love poems and letters, addressing his lover – Fanny Brawne. The star, apart from being the symbol of steadfastness and constancy, it is also a metaphor representing Keats himself. Through Keats’ idea of â€Å"Mansion of life†, the poem is consisted of two floors where the first floor displays his passionate love for Brawne while the second floor talks about his inner desire for death. Keats first expresses his ideal, however paradoxical love. There are two essential yet conflicting qualities in this poem – the reality verses the ideal and the immortal verses the mortal. On one hand, he would like to be like a star, steadfast and unchanging. On the other, he dislikes the solitude of the star as it has to watch â€Å"the moving waters† and â€Å"the new soft-fallen mask/Of snow† from afar like a â€Å"sleepless Eremite†. He continues to state that if he â€Å"has to live ever†, he would rather â€Å"pillow’d upon my fair love’s ripening breast†. The ideas to be eternal and to love simultaneously do not go hand in hand. To love, one has to be human and therefore not an immortal, steadfast star. In the last line of the poem, Keats acknowledges that he would like to â€Å"live ever† in love, but he has to be human in order to experience love, which hints that the love between Keats and Brawne will not last and will eventually fade away as time goes by. The other possible alternative to immortalize their love is â€Å"swoon to death†. One of Keats’ letters from 3 May 1818 to Fanny Brawne echoes the idea of â€Å"swooning† and it says â€Å"†¦I love you; all I can bring you is a swooning admiration of your Beauty. †(Poet.  org) This can be interpreted that he wants to die while experiencing intense, ecstatic love or according to the letter, overwhelmed by her beauty. While I was reading Bright Star, I could not help but catch the similarity between Keats and Shakespeare’s idea of love. In the opening of Shakespeare’s sonnet 116, Shakespeare talks about his ideal love and marriage. Keats, being a reader of Shakespeare, is in some way affected or inspired by him. Shakespeare describes love as an â€Å"ever-fixed marks† that â€Å"is never shaken† even in the wildest storms. Keats transformed Shakespeare’s â€Å"ever-fixed† into steadfastness. Keats then moves on to talk about a more sexual and sensuous love. With more explicit descriptions of â€Å"my [his] fair love’s† body parts, those descriptions hint the idea of sex and orgasm. He imagines himself â€Å"pilliow’d upon my fair love’s ripening breast†. The word â€Å"ripening† gives a notion of youth, implicating that the lady is young and energetic. Keats also describes the rising and falling of her chest when she takes her â€Å"tender-taken breath†. If he could, he would â€Å"so live ever†. However, it is impossible to live forever and the only solution would be â€Å"swoon to death†. Keats did not explicitly tell the readers what it means to be â€Å"swoon to death† and leave us a lot of room for imaginations. The word â€Å"swoon† and other erotic images of the lady’s body parts bring us to the subtext of the poem – sex. La petite mort is a French idiom or euphemism for orgasm, meaning little death. According to Oxford Dictionaries, â€Å"swoon† means â€Å"to enter a state of ecstasy or rapture†. Whether he intended to talk about sex at the end of the poem is still indefinable as we have no idea of what Keats was thinking when he wrote the poem. Though Keats did not write any overly sexual poetry, there is always a strong erotic indication in many of his works. If the sexual subtext is intended in the poem, I believe that it creates a nice denouement to the poem. Keats’ obsession with death and his love for Fanny are intertwined seamlessly throughout the poem. In one of his letters, he states â€Å"I have two luxuries to brood over in my walks, your loveliness and the hour of my death† (Poet. org). Not only is Keats intimidated by death, to some extent he is also intrigued by it. Even though he is worried about the approaching death, to him the promise of death is comforting and soothing. The only resolution to achieve the paradoxical ideal of being eternal as well as experiencing love is death. Through death, immutability and steadfastness can be achieved. Keats has seen many people died in his lifetime. His father died when he was eight; his mother died from tuberculosis when he was 14; his brother Tom died also from tuberculosis when he was 19. Along with his family’s deaths, he has also seen a lot of patients died as he was also a medical student. Therefore, constantly seeing people die in a way reminds him of the transience and the mutability of life. There are some religious references in the second quatrain of the poem. All these references, other than conveying the loneliness and the solitude of the star, also illustrate his longing for the promising death. The poem was written in 1819, the same year when Keats contracted with tuberculosis. The word â€Å"ablution† is heavily loaded with connotations, both religion and about death. From the Oxford Dictionary, â€Å"ablution† refers to the washing or cleansing of the body†. In Christianity, there are different forms of ablution and one of them is the preparation before the burial of a dead person. Here Keats is hinting that his death is near and the priest will cleans his body after his death with â€Å"the moving waters†. Further Keats also mentions the â€Å"soft-fallen mask/Of snow† in the following two lines. Seasons always act as symbols of different stages of human life in literature. Spring refers to birth or new beginning; summer means maturity; autumn represents old age while winter symbolizes death. In line 7-8, with â€Å"the mountains and moors† covered in snow, such explicit image suggests that death is approaching. Though death is coming, Keats is not browbeaten. Yet, he is fascinated with death as it helps him to accomplish the co-existence of eternity and love. Bright Star is a poem that can be read on many different levels. To me, the poem is not merely a declaration of his ardent love for Fanny Brawne. It is also an expressive lyric poem addressing his awe as well as obsession with death. The main themes of the poem are smoothly woven together and this showcases Keats’ expressiveness and his wit. Keats, John. Bright Star. n. d.  poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/21012

Building Pharaohs Chariot Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Building Pharaohs Chariot - Essay Example To achieve their mission, the experts had to undergo several challenges. They had a time limit of only eight weeks to build and test the chariot that was quite a limited amount of time for such an exercise. Building the chariot required the assistance of highly skilled craftsmen, who were hard to locate in a foreign land. They relied heavily on the locals to find such men but eventually were able to locate one of the best carpenters and craftsmen in Cairo. This was a relief as they were now able to proceed. Obtaining the right and exact materials of building the chariot was another challenge they had to encounter. Most of the building materials of ancient Egypt were imported hence unable to obtain locally. They experts had to make use of locally available materials in their construction that had the same capacity to work as those used in the prior construction of the chariot. Assembling parts of the chariot was a challenge. Some parts of the chariot such as the spokes, which in ancie nt Egyptian times were made in a V-shaped way and connected to the hub with only pressure and glue, were hard to bend and fix as effectively as the Egyptians did. They had to make the wheel light enough as was for the Egyptians who had concluded to the use of 6 spokes wheels as opposed to the use of 4 spokes wheels that made movement cumbersome and the eight spokes wheels that made the chariots heavy.The experts relied on information from ancient Egyptian tombs located in the Elcab settlement in present day Cairo, with walls crafted over 300 years ago.

Homeland Security Act of 2002 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Homeland Security Act of 2002 - Term Paper Example After discussing the security provisions, the impact of these provisions on airline revenue, profitability and reputation are also discussed. In the end the paper discusses the impact of the provision to cap airline liability in the case of a terrorist attack. It also explains the insurance provided by FAA in the face of high premium charges of private insurers after September 11 attacks Homeland Security Act of 2002 Introduction The Homeland Security Act of 2002 was passed by the US congress in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks in order to prevent further terrorist attacks on US soil. This act has created the Department of Homeland Security which has been given wide ranging powers in order to prevent terrorist strikes on US soil. The formation of this department has been termed as the largest re-organization of the federal government since the creation of Department of Defense. In the 9/11 attacks, airline security was found wanting. It was due to lax security at the airport s that terrorists were able hijack planes and ram them into the twin towers. Because of this, airline security is an integral part of the Homeland security act. After 9/11, the Aviation and Transport Security Act (ATSA) was enacted which established the Transport Security administration. Initially, the TSA worked under the Department of Transportation but with the passage of Homeland Security Act, TSA was moved to the Department of Homeland Security from 2003 (Blalock & Kadiyali, 2007). Changes in security due to Homeland Security Act TSA introduced various changes in security measures under the Homeland security act 2002. Some of the major changes introduced have been listed below. No Fly List and Identification Requirement All adult passengers are now required to show a proof if identification before they are allowed to board a plane. Apart from this, TSA also compares the passengers against a No-fly list. Those whose names appear on the no-fly list are not allowed to board. This includes the names of around 21000 people. In addition to this TSA also has a list of Selectees, passengers who are to be screened thoroughly before being allowed to board a flight (Mueller, 2004). Passenger Screening Screening of passengers before boarding flight was initially done by private security screeners. In order to improve efficiency, TSA took over the screening of passenger’s at all commercial airports from November 2002. They increased the compensation of screeners in order to reduce turnover and also increased the amount of training provided to the screeners in order to make them more efficient. Baggage Screening Prior to 9/11 attacks, only 5% of the checked in baggage was screened. TSA mandated compulsory screening of all check in baggage from 2002. They were also asked to positively match the bag checked to a passenger on board the flight. Airlines were free to adopt any of the four methods in order to screen the baggage – Explosion Detection system, Exp losion trace detection machines, bomb-sniffing dogs or manual search of the bags.

Successful Marketing Strategy of Colgate

Successful Marketing Strategy of Colgate To develop a marketing strategy is a vital for any business because it is a procedure in which an organization concentrate its limited resource on the opportunities to increase sales and get the best from it as an advantage . For that one needs to keep in mind that only a customers satisfaction should be a main goal for ones. Marketing strategy should be centered around the key concept that customer satisfaction is the main goal. In each and every organization whether it is public or private organization, should be able to consider some strategic marketing approach so as to be ensured competitive position in the market place. One of the most marketing aspects of marketing is marketing strategies nowadays because marketing strategy is the term which is generally preferred to promotions. Marketing Strategy is a vital contributor to the satisfaction of the customer needs and wants. (Shimp, 2003) Marketing strategy approach is a way to capture a niche in the consumer market The marketing strategy is a mix consists of five major modules of communication like advertising, sales promotion, public relations and publicity, personal selling, and direct marketing (Neumann Sumser 2002). An identified Sponsor pay Advertising form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods, or services. Sales promotion is a variety of short-term incentives to encourage trial or purchase of a product or service. Public relations and publicity is a variety of programs designed to promote or protect a companys image or its individual products. Personal selling is a face-to-face interaction with one or more prospective purchasers for the purpose of making presentations, answering questions, and procuring orders. Direct marketing is the use of mail, telephone, fax, e-mail, or Internet to communicate directly with or solicit a direct response from specific customers and prospects (Goldberg Mc Calley, 1992). Introduction Colgate was found in the United States 200 years ago. For the half of the years its business was focused only the. It is marketing its products in more than 200 countries and territories under some internationally recognized brand names as Colgate, Ajax, Palmolive, Softsoap, Some Hills Science diet products. Colgate Palmolive is leading product consumer product company focused on Oral care, Household care, Personal care and many more. Today Colgate-Palmolive is $9 billion Company. Colgate is famous for having a long history of strong relationship with its retail trade partners. This Company delights consumers around there world with a an array of Oral Care, Home Care, Personal Care, and Pet Nutrition products. Small stores around the world are just important to Colgate as large ones. Behind the success of Colgates brands are carefully developed business and marketing strategies. Based on consumer and shopper insights, the Company works closely with local merchandisers and shop owners to offer a relevant assortment of products and merchandising services to get high visibility in each store. .. Overview:- 1806 Colgate was originated with a small business of starch, Soap and candles form Dutch street, New York by William Colgate. 1817 The first Colgate advertisement was appeared in US newspaper. 1820 Colgate establishes a starch factory in New Jersey. 1866-1873 Colgate introduced perfumed soap and toothpaste in jars. 1896 Colgate introduced toothpaste in collapsible tube. 1900 In the world fair of Paris, Colgate won top honors for its products like soaps and perfumes. 1902 Stylish Palmolive Advertisement begins. emphasizing ingredient purity and product benefits . 1906 Colgate Company celebrates its 100thanniversary. Product line includes over 800 different products. 1908 Colgate is incorporated by the five sons of Samuel Colgate. 1911 Colgate distributes two million tubes of toothpaste and toothbrushes to schools, and provides hygienists to demonstrate tooth brushing. 1912 William Mennen introduces the first American shaving cream tube 1914 Colgate established its first international subsidiary in Canada 1920 Colgate establishes in Europe, Asia, Latin America, Africa. 1928 Colgate merge with Palmolive -Peet and became Colgate- Palmolive- Peet Company. 1930 On March 13, Colgate is first listed on the New York Stock Exchange 1939 Dr. Mark L. Morris develops a pet food to help save a guide dog named Buddy from kidney. 1947 Ajax cleanser is launched, establishing powerful now-global brand equity for cleaning products. 1953 Colgate -Palmolive company becomes an official name for the company. 1956 Colgate opens research center in Piscataway, NJ. Fabric conditioner is launched in France as Soupline. Today, fabric conditioners are sold in over 54 countries around the world. 1966 Palmolive dishwashing liquid is introduced and today it is sold in over 35 countries. 1968 Colgate toothpaste adds MFP Fluoride, clinically proven to reduce cavities. 1970 Irish Spring launches in Germany as Irische Frà ¼hling and in Europe as Nordic Spring. In1972, Irish Spring is introduced in North America. 1972 Colgate acquires Hoyt Laboratories, which later becomes Colgate Oral Pharmaceuticals. 1975 Caprice hair care launches in Mexico. Today, hair care products are sold in over 70 countries, with variants to suit every type of hair need. 1976 Colgate-Palmolive acquires Hills Pet Nutrition. Today Hills is the global leader in pet nutrition and veterinary recommendations. 1983 Colgate Plus toothbrush is introduced. Today over 1.6 billion Colgate toothbrushes are sold annually worldwide. If you lined them up end to end, they would circle the globe 16 times. 1985 Protex bar soap is introduced, and today offers all-family antibacterial protection in over 56 countries. Colgate-Palmolive enters into a joint venture with Hong Kong-based Hawley Hazel, a leading oral care company, which adds strength in key Asian markets. 1986 The Chairmans You Can Make A Difference Program is launched, recognizing innovation and exceptional excellence by Colgate people. 1987 Colgate acquires Soft-soap liquid soap business from the Minnetonka Corporation. Today, Colgate is the global leader in liquid hand  soap. 1989 Annual company sale surpassed the $ 5 million mark. 2006 Colgate purchased Toms of maine and entered fast growing naturals segment. Today Colgate with sales Surpasses $ 15 million, focuses on all Oral Care, Personal Care, Home Care, Pet Nutrition. Situational Analysis (SWOT ) Situation Analysis Internal Analysis  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  External Analysis Strengths  Ã‚   Weaknesses Threats Opportunities   SWOT Analysis is a simple framework for generating strategic alternatives from a situational analysis. The Swot analysis classifies the internal aspects of the company as strengths or weaknesses and the external situational factors as opportunities and threats. Strength can serve as a foundation for building a competitive advantage and weaknesses may hinder it. SWOT Analysis of Colgate -Palmolive:- Strengths:- Brand image is very strong Cash flow-to-sales is free In America market share is approximately half of 100%, It is going very strong in Asia and Europe. Weaknesses:- All Products are recalled It is highly leverages Very low innovation or a follower Opportunities To grow globally oral hygiene market Increasing Spanish people in the US To grow in India, Asian market by tapping personal care. Threats The label growth is private Commodity prices are increasing. A large number of competitors are increasing. Differential advantage / Competitive edge (USP) Strategy USP (Unique Selling Proposition) developed by Rosser Reeves, the advertising heart of New York, Madison Avenue. One of the companies being regarded and honored as one of the global producer of various products especially for personal hygiene is the Colgate-Palmolive With a view to promoting their oral products to their target market, the company has been able to use various marketing strategies approaches. In line with above the line promotions, the company uses television, radio and newspaper advertisements and many more. In addition, the company also promotes their products in famous magazines and internet banner ads as well. It can also be said that Colgate-Palmolive also uses via-the-line promotion approach. This is done by considering a via the line communication approach. The company does this by hiring an advertising agency which helps them to make a better advertising campaign for their products. It can be said that or In a general sense, advertising is being utilized to be able to impart to the consumers the availability of a particular product or service. Colgate-Palmolive pursued a multipronged marketing strategy to support the introduction of Irish Springs reformulated bar and liquid soap. In order to introduce a wide audience to its new image and latest product offerings, Colgate-Palmolive aired television commercials for both products and ran print ads in a variety of magazines. Furthermore, the company especially concentrated on free-standing inserts and product sampling to convince consumers to try the updated Irish Spring. Coupons were an essential aspect of the relaunch of Irish Spring bar soap. In order to make these coupon ads eye-catching, the company included a four-leaf clover shape that could be scratched off-like a lottery ticket-to reveal a savings amount applicable to the product. Appelbaum, Cara, Colgate Tests Its First Deodorant, Irish Spring,  Brandweek,  April 1, 1991. Segmentation Targeting and Positioning (STP) 1) Market Segmentation: The process in which the market is divided distinct subsets of consumers with common needs and selecting many different segments to target with a distinct marketing strategy Levels of market segmentation:    1. Mass Marketing: provides the same product to all consumers like Salt.    2. Segment marketing: provides different products to many segments.    3. Niche Marketing: provides many unique different products but to sub segments    4. Micro-Marketing: it provides product for individual choices. For example, the are different types of shampoo , Colgate is manufacturing including for flat hair , shampoo and conditioner,, dry hair , color treated hair, etc. It shows us that they are implementing segmented marketing concept. 2) Market Targeting:- It is a group of customers that the business  has decided to aim its marketing  efforts and ultimately its merchandise. Geographic:- It depends on region, population, factor, urban conditions etc. On this basis for example, Colgate introduces a sun screen ingredients which protect from sun rays. Demographic:- It comprise age, gender, income , life cycle of family and education. For example young people do not go for hair color treatment. Psychographic:- it depends on persons thinking and what are the Personality characteristic of him. It is a difficult marketing segmentation to implement because sometimes market may not aware of there life style of there people.   Behavioral:- It consists two things a) The benefits desired from the product. b)The rate at which customer is using product. It can be applied on Colgate, the benefits from there toothpaste product are no plaque, no cavities, fresh breath, very low price , good quality and white teeth. 3) Market Positioning:- It means the process by which marketers try to create an image or identity in the minds of their target market for its  product,  brand, or organization. The Colgate people have tried to sustain themselves through tough competition and hard work. Media and advertisement are also responsible to create an image of the Company in the eyes of its customers and competitors. Marketing Objectives and Goals:- SMART Objectives:- The purposes of SMART objectives include: To enable a company to  control  its marketing plan. To help to motivate individuals and teams to reach a common goal. To provide an agreed, consistent focus for all functions of an organization. A simple acronym used to set objectives is called  SMART objectives.  SMART stands for: SMART Goals:- As far as the strategic plan is concerned, the shold be a both kinds of goals like short-term and long term goals. Detailed production, financial and marketing plans usually back these both types of goals. Figure 1.  Elements of a strategic plan Short-term goals Figure 2.  SMART characteristic of effective goals and their work 4 Ps of Marketing 4-P of Marketing  (Borden, 1953) is the fundamental base in the Marketing studies. It can be compared to the Einsteins theory of relativity in Quantum Mechanics. 4 P of marketing is often called as Marketing Mix, because it has the right marketing recipe to successfully launch a product. 4 P of marketing stands for: Product:  Product is any tangible object or any service (intangible) that is manufactured or created to satisfy the consumer needs. It has to have the product variation and the differentiation for different markets. Also the products must be reviewed time to time for its obsolesce and must be discarded with the view of market needs known as product elimination. Similarly, with growing market needs and evolving consumer tastes, companies must innovate their products (Kotler Armstrong, 2010). Price: Price is the amount of money that is paid by the customer to seller which varies on different distribution channel (Kotler Armstrong, 2010). Several factors have impact while determining the price of the product or service, which are an organizations market share, the number and strategy of the competitors, the raw material costs and most importantly the perception of the product value in the eyes of the customer. There are various pricing methods used by Organizations currently Cost recovery Pricing:  Cost recovery pricing Is the pricing method followed by marketers such that they recover the cost of the product and put a small profit margin on it to finalize the pricing of the product. For example some firm incurred the cost of $100 per product they would like to have a profit of $20, then the pricing will be $120. Penetration Pricing:-  Penetration Pricing is the pricing method, in which the price is decreased abruptly so to penetrate the market and achieve greater market share. Company with deep pockets when entering a new market often practices this pricing, at times the price may be lower than the cost of the product. The profitability can be achieved later due to monopolistic situation or by cross selling their other products (Kotler, 2003). Price skimming:  Price skimming is the pricing policy adopted by the organization so that they first launch the new product at very high price so that early adopters can buy the product and then they subsequently decrease the price to get late bloomers buying the product. This pricing is practiced mostly by technology firms and is observed with the launch of new products. Place:   Place represents the location where a consumer can buy the product. It can be a physical store where the consumer can visit or can be a virtual store like a website on internet .It is often referred as distribution channel as it actually is the channel through which the product is received by the consumer (Kotler Armstrong, 2010). A place can be utilized for direct as well as indirect selling. And the place can often take the shape of e-commerce altogether. Promotion:  Promotion is a communication means adopted by the marketer to communicate about the product, brand or organization to the consumers. Promotion has following four distinct elements. Advertising, personal Selling, Public relations and Sales Promotion, which can be used as such or can be used in combination to promote the product (Pride Ferrell, 1983). Conclusion: In Conclusion, Colgate Company is a typical market oriented company, operating in more than 200 countries. They are providing many new employee oriented programs both for senior level and entry level people. They are aware of their social and ethical responsibilities. They are managing the consumer and business market in an effective manner. They face their competitors and feel proud to take it as a challenge. They feel pride in making their customers happy. They know how to conduct their business in international communities. They maintain levels of the CRM at the company to ensure good customer support. The way they have proved themselves in consumer, business and international markets, they still have a high aim to attain more and more. Bibliography (with references):- Armstrong G, Kotler P (2010), Marketing: An Introduction. 10th end New Jersey. Appelbaum, Cara, Colgate Tests Its First Deodorant, Irish Spring,  Brandweek,  April 1, 1991. Goldberg Mc Calley, 1992 Houghton Mifflin ,John Wiley. (Kotler, 2003), Kotler P (2003) Kotler Armstrong, 2010 Neumann Sumser ,2002 Prentice Hall Pride W M, Ferrell O.C (1983) Marketing: Basic Concepts and Decisions. Texas. Shimp, 2003 Schultz D E, Tannenbaum S, Lauterborn R (1992) Integrated Marketing Communications. Illinois. NTC Publishing url= url=http://www.learnmarketing.net/ url=http://www.scribd.com/doc/32849771/Marketing-strategies-of-Colgate url=http://www.scribd.com/doc/30225401/Colgate-Palmolive-Marketing-Project#fullscreen:on url=http://www.solidpapers.com/collegepapers/Marketing/10625.htm url=http://www.wikiswot.com/SWOT/3_Consumer_Packaged_Goods_(CPGs)/Colgate-Palmolive.html url= http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/2010/06/marketing-campaign-analysis-of-.html .

hHCS 405 WK Individual Assignment Essay

Reducing agency staff, I choose this budget cut because it leaves more positions open for the facilities own staff and this form of help is a high cost, twice as high a regular hospital staff but each open job is continually monitored to determine if that position needs to be filled. Changing the skill mix, this option allows for unlicensed assistive personnel to address economic realities. This cost cutting choice option allows for nurse to be able to delegate minor jobs in order focus on more complicated ones (University of Phoenix, 2013). Which loan option did you select? Why? Loan option 1, this loan actually allowed for a longer period of repaying the loan, even if it has 9.45% interest rate, as option 2 does not give you the ability for the three month loan closure and it needs to be repaid in six months’ time. Being that this is a facility which needs flexibility option 1 provides the best possible alternative for achieving substantial financial grounds (University of Phoenix, 2013). What was the outcome of your decision? The outcome for my decision was that it was in good health for EFC. The decision to reduce a portion of agency contract staff was good because it decreases outflow of cash through expenses without hurting or decreasing the facilities actual revenue by saving on premiums it pays to staffing agencies and their management fees so it is a huge cost saver. Changing the skill mix made for a good budget saver for Elijah Heart Center because it helps save the company money in the long haul. There will be an increase in costs in the beginning in regards to the less o hospital training, but overall workers can assist with the registered nurses with simple tasks like, feeding and the moving of patients. Licensed nurses can focus more on the more complicated task such as those directly affecting or related to patient care. As for my loan option it was the best choice for solving the hospital’s capital shortfall because EHC will receive $2,300,000 as payments from Medicare and other managed care organizations within three months. This will undoubtly solve Elijah Heart Center cash flow problem, were as option two could not be prepaid in six months (University of Phoenix, 2013). Phase II: Funding Options for Equipment Acquisition Which cost-effective equipment selections did you make? Why? High speed-CT Scanner Refurbished Equipment Loan, this option I felt was best because the technology advancement for this machine is not expected to change much and the cost is high to buy new $750,000 and its life expectancy is around 10 years if brought new. Therefore buying new can greatly affect the hospital’s finances and getting equipment that is refurbished is much more cost saving with a 30 – 50 percent cheaper sale tag and it decreases staff training costs. X-Ray Machine-Capital Lease, seems to be the best option for this equipment because the likely hood of needing to be upgraded or changed is low and it life expectancy is 15 right around years the cost of this machine is 320,000, so a capital lease just makes more sense than the rest plus this form of leasing allows the company to be able to have the option to purchase the equipment at a bargain purchase option and the; lease itself is transferred at the end of the lease automatically. & Ultrasound System-Operating Lease, this is the best option for this equipment because this can be a device equipment that can have an technical advancement or change in the long run and using other methods could make purchasing this equipment worthless in the future event of advances in technology so it would be a loss cause or investment to have reflect on the balance sheet or to buy new or refurbished. This form of obtaining the equipment is treated s a rental and is not included on the balance sheet as with a capital lease and there is no bargain purchase option either (University of Phoenix, 2013). What was the outcome of your decision? The outcome of my decision was the best possible choices for the company as the high speed CT scanner being refurbished allowed for the equipment to be purchased cheaper than being brought new. As for getting the x-ray machine on a capital lease makes this the best option because higher present value compared to the operating lease or buying refurbished equipment and the business has the option of buying the equipment at a bargain price or taking up a new lease and with the life expectancy of this machine being 15 years with little or low possibility of change it makes for a good investment and means of saving finances in the long run. Last on the list is the ultrasound system getting an operating lease is best suited for the company because it allows for an upgrade. The option of the operating lease helps in taking care of technological obsolescence (University of Phoenix, 2013). Phase III: Funding Options for Capital Expansion Which source of funding did you select? Why? HUD 242 Loan Insurance Program I choose because the hospital can payoff this loan before its time without precautions and it allows the facility to be able to do this after eight years. Although its rate were cheaper than a private bank loan and higher than the tax-exempt and revenue bonds it allowed for a year advantage of loan payoff over tax-exempt, as well as not putting a limit on the period of use for the funds interest rate is lower than both other options setting at a 3.90 percent and tax-exempt is 4.18 percent, and private bank funding is 4.50 percent (University of Phoenix, 2013). What was the outcome of your selection? The outcome for my decision was that this funding option was a healthy choice, as well as the best possible option for Elijah Heart Center (EHC). Benefits were that the option was callable after years instead of tens and that if the interest rates were to decrease it would be possible for the organization to buy back the bonds and reissue the debt making it more profitable for Elijah Heart Center (University of Phoenix, 2013). Summary and Conclusions What did you learn from this simulation? I learned that buy choosing the best options for the business I am able to better provide equipment, workers, and finances for acquiring equipment, expansion and staffing of the facility. What would you do differently if you performed the simulation again? If I were to reduce this again I would not change anything as the other options badly affected the budget and other mixtures were not good ones they decreased cost but keep dipping as months went by, which would ultimately affect the overall finances for the business thus creating issues such as down-sizing being a reality and or the reduction of benefits to staff and reducing length of stay really does not have an effect on saving or benefiting the company at all. How will you apply what you learned at your current or future job? I could apply what I have learned at my future job by keeping the result and notes for my simulation as a guide for planning and determining how to spend revenue earned or needed to keep my business operational. As well as being able to suggest possible ways and ideas for saving my current business money were equipment and loans are of use. In my future job/business I plan on running my own CMA/CNA facility this can help me with determining the best loans to get for equipment, supplies, and materials needed to run a fully functioning and profitable business. I can sue this simulation to decide on the best way to get those supplies, equipment by determining the cost for leasing or buying new or used equipment. I will be allowed to make a more clear and informed decision about my current and future business ventures. Once I get into a medical facility and staff thoughts and decisions are taken into consideration for future changes I will be able to give an realistic suggestion or idea for changes that can affect staff’s jobs, future positions, benefits, and care and treatment of patients. . Reference University of Phoenix. (2013). Analyzing Financial Indicators for Decision Making [Multimedia]. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, HCS/405 Health Care Financial Accounting website.

Concession at Glastonbury Festival

Introduction Glastonbury festival Of Contemporary Performing Art is one of the most known music festivals in the world. The festival it self takes part in worthy farm which is a dairy farm during the year; is in the region of Somerset which is situated in southwest England. The festival from 1981 has been organised by the local farmer and site owner Michael Eavis (Martin, 2009). Micheal Eavis is also the owner of Glastonbury Festival LTD the company that is in charge of the organization and the distribution of the varies concessions around the event site. Philip m. , 2013) Since 2002 festival republic which is a company that consist in the merging of (live Nation and MCD) takes care of the managing the logistic, security, and 40% of the concessionary stakes in the festival. (stroke, 2013). Food and beverage stalls Concession for the stall and Glastonbury have a very different type of price depending on the size and what the stall his selling. There are two types of stall A typical se lls food and beverage and is set at ? 1000 per day out side the events cite. And 2500? f is inside the event cite. Also the owner of the stall must comply with the regulations regarding the waste management and water management. A Stand needs to do an investment of ? 4000 to have is stall with the right regulations. (Bodwin, 2008) But once the stands have given the concession the owner can make a very good amount of money. The concessions for the stand are all the same but generally speaking if your stand is more green, environmental and alternative, the cheaper the rent is going to be in could go down to ? 00 to non like a stall specialized in dairy farming products. (Murray, 2009) There are about 800 stalls, which they been release the concessions to sell their products during Glastonbury Festival. (Lee, 2010) The bars at Glastonbury Concert is organise by Workers Beer Company which is sponsor by Carlsberg the leasing that hey give to contribute to the festival is around ? 500. 00 0 (Wanddworthy, 2012) Goods and services stalls A type B stall sells any types of good and services that can be need it during the event. This can vary from Tabaco reseller, to Tend fixing ssistant, books, papers, gadgets, flags and alcohol. For this stands Festival republic is in charge on giving them specific rules and regulations regarding the Concessions. The standard price is also set from ? 1000 to a maximum of ? 3000 there is a option that the owner of the stall could undertake and is that to partner with one of the sponsors of Glastonbury like; Oxfam, Water Aid and green peace is to donate part of the stall money to there Couse and they will be ready to pay for there stall rent for all the event. Caravans inside Glastonbury festivalThe parking of the caravans is accepted but only on the out skirts of the event. Glastonbury festival LTD releases upon request a caravan concession but they need to follow specific criteria’s: Each person entering must have a weekend Festi val ticket holder. And this concession will only be release if the ticket older will sleep in the vehicles and have a fitted sleeping and cooking facilities. The cost of this special concession given to the caravans is of ? 85 for the entire event. There is a reduction of the price for physically challenged people.Which is ? 65 that is also valid for all the event time. Each car is allowed to have one car but there is an additional parking ticket of ? 20 for each car. (Philip m. , 2013) Pre Erected tend service Since Glastonbury festival LTD understands that camping is one of the most entertainment and exiting things of the festival. Not everybody would have a tend so they have release a concession to Argos to rent tends to who would wish to rent them. This is a very good opportunity for business for Argos but they need to pay to Glastonbury Festival ? 100. 00 in order to have the permission to erect there tends inside the camping cites. The ticket holders then they can easily rent a tend inside an Argos story or buy calling an hotline. The price for renting of the tend strictly depends on the occupancy of people Inside it. For a standard 2 person Cloud House is ? 300 for 5 nights and those are the most popular and they tend to sell out very quickly. Then there the choose of a 4 person bell ten which comes with a cost of ? 500. For the biggest tend that can hold 8 people inside which is a dome tent is ? 00 for 5 nights. Argos have about 7. 000 tends to lease and the get all sold out. (Philip m. , 2013) Electrical Power and stages Mr Michael Eavis is famouse for Glastonbury Festival of contemporary Arts for his ability to create an event that is unique for the industry since his almost 70% sustainable (Philip M. , Our-green. policies, 2013) Eavis’ have installed 1,116 solar panels which have been installed on the roof of the cowshed. The 1. 500-acre site effectively will bring the Glastonbury festival to be has ecologically as possible.The solar power en ergy well produce about 200 diesel-powered generators and will be able to produce enough electrical power to make sure than more than one band can play, The sound systems on site have a total power of 650,000 watts, with the main stage having 250 speakers. Also the food-and-drink suppliers will be able to operate there stalls when the lights of the day will go down. (Morris, 2010). Mr Eavis have given the concession to build such infrastructure in his farm to SOLAR PANEL UK with the collaboration of Greenpeace.The estimate investment plus the permission to install such infrastructure was about ? 40m. (UK, 2012) The project is very important because the name of solar panel will become part of the official sponsor for the festival. Also green peaces have the chance to promote suitability in the UK. Solar panel gets given 25% of the made from the concert. Conclusion Glastonbury Festival of performance of contemporary arts is a very well establish event. Has been running for over 40 yea rs. And every year them seem to improve in many aspects

Reference Guide for Pharmacy Technician Exam Essay

Reference Guide for Pharmacy Technician Exam Krisman REFERENCE GUIDE FOR PHARMACY TECHNICIAN EXAM EDITION 2014-2015 (Covers an updated 2013-PTCB Blue Print) MANAN SHROFF www.pharmacyexam.com 1 Reference Guide for Pharmacy Technician Exam Krisman This reference guide is not intended as a substitute for the advice of a physician. Students or readers must consult their physicians about any existing problem. Do not use any information in this reference guide for any kind of self treatment. Do not administer any dose of mentioned drugs in this reference guide without consulting your physician. This is only a review guide for preparation for the pharmacy technician board exam. The author of this reference guide†¦show more content†¦Thrombocytopenia: A low platelets count in blood. Ventricular arrhythmia: Irregular movements of left ventricles of the heart. 2-ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENTS M/A: This class of agents is indicated for the treatment of an irregular heart rhythm. 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