E-government benefits Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

E-government benefits - Research Paper Example Accommodation is likewise portrayed by accessibility of numerous channels achieved by e-government that empowers the residents to pick where and when to get taxpayer supported organizations. What's more, residents with inabilities don't experience the difficulty of moving from one land region to the next looking for taxpayer supported organizations. Besides, e-government has rearranged application forms. Yigitcanlar and Baum (2006) affirms that residents can undoubtedly apply for taxpayer driven organizations without any problem. Through the administration sites, a resident can find solutions to their inquiry without swimming through several unessential data. With e-government, records can be marked carefully, affirmed legitimately and conveyed electronically to the proper areas by means of the web. Data can without much of a stretch be gotten to utilizing a normalized feel and look utilizing MassCares suite applications. A MassCares suite application has empowered residents to serve themselves since routine work of government authorities has been computerized. Furthermore, residents can visit numerous administration offices with a tick of the mouse. With e-government, application process has additionally been made more straightforward through single-windows and single-sign â€on. Third, e-government has expanded citizen’s viability and efficiencies. ... Residents have discovered e-government lessens the measure of time, cash just as materials spend on looking for taxpayer supported organizations. This is on the grounds that correspondence between the administration authorities and residents should be possible through email, shot informing administrations or visit rooms. Moreover, e-government has decreased the odds of residents making mistakes in application since robotization illuminates the client progressively when the blunder happens and permit that person to redress it on the spot. Adequacy and productivity realized by e-government has empowered a few residents to design better their own and expert work. Fourth, e-government has expanded democratization. Residents can without much of a stretch express their suppositions on government arrangements and exercises by means of online overviews or sites. Actually, it has been set up that residents particularly the individuals who are more youthful partake on online conversations of p olicy driven issues and are claimed by e-casting a ballot methodology. The residents can without much of a stretch apply immediate and conspicuous impact to administrative procedures by expanding their political investment on issues influencing them. As indicated by Roy (2004), e-government permits residents to communicate with government authorities just as legislators on significant issues influencing their lives. Texting, online intuitive study, sound/video introductions and blogging will permit government authorities and legislators see and comprehend people’s sees (Alston, 2003). Fifth, e-government has expanded straightforwardness and responsibility in government organizations. With e-government, residents (voter) are permitted to get knowledge on how government choices and strategies are made continuously premise.

Individual Performance Appraisal Paper

Singular Performance Appraisal Paper Presentation Individual execution examination is a method of assessing the degree of an employee’s execution in working environment. In social insurance, the 360-degree criticism is the ordinarily utilized individual execution examination instrument; otherwise called multisource evaluation or multi-rater input since it can include outer associations sometimes. Publicizing We will compose a custom research paper test on Individual Performance Appraisal Paper explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Any evaluation framework ought to be â€Å"relevant and relevant to ordinary work, adequate and reasonable, and a shared joint effort among laborers and employers† (Duraisingam Skinner, 2005, p. 2), and 360-degree input isn't extraordinary; it meets every one of these prerequisites. As the name proposes, 360-degree is an inside and out framework that encompasses a worker with input originating from managers, companions, or subordinates. Now and again, people cond uct self-appraisal while in different occasions outside sources like clients are associated with the assessment procedure. Subsequent to getting the input from the included gatherings, the evaluator utilizes this data to design preparing, settle on managerial choices, or make improvements among others capacities. The 360-degree criticism device works in a straightforward way. An association is required to shape little gatherings of laborers inside various offices to fill in exposition surveys, an assignment that takes under 20 minutes. Subsequent to doing the study, the outcomes are sent to an outer association, which leads an examination of the data gave, and gives an input. The outer association/organization at that point sends the dissected data back to the assessing organization after which it assembles for worker conferences to talk the report and concoct methods of progress by either structuring preparing programs or some other improvement methodologies. This is generally mode st technique; all things considered, it has the two benefits and faults. Benefits and Demerits of this Tool This technique has a few preferences. The 360-degree examination strategy gives a more extensive perspective on worker’s execution when contrasted with the other evaluation instruments (Atkins Wood, 2002, p. 875). This is genuine given the idea of its assessment; there are numerous individuals engaged with the evaluation and this may run from top administration to peers along these lines permitting all-adjusted evaluation â€Å"It is more exhaustive than other examination techniques since they may just need the chief to do the evaluation† (Seifert, Yukl, McDonald, 2003, p. 565). This examination technique expands the acceptability of the evaluation result. The numerous individuals utilized in this evaluation diminish odds of unjustifiable appraisal. Inclinations are limited for not all individuals can be one-sided towards an individual consequently making it a te nable instrument. In this way, some organization choices like advancement are done on merit.Advertising Looking for explore paper on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Given the way that this instrument includes one’s friends, the person under assessment can upgrade his/her own self-improvement. This factor radiates from the way that a representative invests more energy with his/her companions than his/her chief; along these lines, any type of examination will be decidedly taken without the idea of inclination. In such circumstance, the representative under assessment will in all probability leave on a self-improvement program for he/she will realize the outcomes are valid. At last, through 360-degree criticism, representatives find the opportunity to air their perspectives and whine without following the typical bureaucratic objection chain (Seifert, Yukl, McDonald, 2003, p. 565). Workers ca n show their protests when filling in the surveys and this takes out ordinary and long techniques of airing grievances. On the opposite side, there are additionally hardly any bad marks of this framework. This is a tedious exercise. The component of remembering various individuals for the procedure infers additional time utilization in this manner taking out the chance of continuous examination works out. This framework may yield skepticism and doubt in work environment (Smither, London Reilly 2005, p. 39). The board may neglect to coordinate in the examination procedure thus sabotaging their position. Staff individuals may become de-spurred on the off chance that they don't get positive evaluations from their coworkers. This requires a genuine domain, which might be inadequate in numerous foundations. This framework represents the danger of uncovering private data to different organizations (Pfau Kay, 2002, p. 56). This factor comes as a result of redistributing the investigation p hase of the assessment procedure. The outside organization gets all the data about a given organization and this is hazardous in private issues. Consequences for Employees This individual execution the executives framework draws blended responses from representatives. These responses are tied in the benefits and bad marks of the equivalent. On the off chance that all around actualized, representatives work well for clients and become delighted by their work. Workers can realize their presentation very well on the off chance that they take 360-degree input results emphatically. In the event that representatives decide to concentrate on the positive side of the outcomes, at that point they can create themselves rapidly by dealing with their frail focuses as demonstrated in the outcomes. Territories where a worker scores ineffectively are regions that call for consideration and improvement and by so doing, individual execution improves essentially. By the by, a few workers will neglect to concede the outcomes and resort to griping refering to disrupt. Publicizing We will compose a custom research paper test on Individual Performance Appraisal Paper explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More For this situation, the impacts will be crippling and individual execution may drop essentially because of loss of center and fearlessness among different issues related with antagonism. Consequently, the impacts of this framework on worker rely upon how the representative being referred to perspectives and reacts to the outcomes. Impacts on Departmental Performance The impacts of this evaluation technique on departmental execution are like that of individual execution. This is genuine given the way that people make offices and the result of any evaluation relies upon how individuals in those divisions see the consequences of the equivalent. Be that as it may, these examination impacts falls on the departmental heads feel they are capable of running departmental is sues. Thusly, any impact at departmental level will be controlled by the view of departmental heads towards the 360-degree evaluation framework. As indicated by Full Circle Feedback, (2004), the whole division will then ‘react’ to the head’s observation; on the off chance that it is certain, it will fabricate the office yet in the event that it is negative it will call for uncommon estimates causing pressure inside the included office much of the time. Improvement Suggestions/Conclusion Taking into thought the difficulties confronting this framework, individuals may think about utilizing innovation to stay away from the issue of time wastage. Originators of surveys may choose to do it on the web. Also, foundations ought to consider urging people not to customize examination results however to chip away at them for they are straightforward. Nonetheless, this calls for genuineness and transparency in the entire procedure. The 360-degree input framework is an inside and out examination framework including a few people who fill polls concerning various issues. In the wake of filling in the polls, they are sent to an outer organization for investigation before returning to the assessing organization for conversation. This framework has the two benefits and faults; like contribution more extensive perspective on workers execution and time utilization separately; all things considered, fusing innovation and advancing genuineness could explain a few weaknesses of this system.Advertising Searching for look into paper on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Reference List Atkins, P., Wood, R. (2002). Self-Versus Others Ratings as Predictors Of Assessment Center Ratings: Validation Evidence for 360-Degree Feedback Programs. Work force Psychology, 55(4), 871â€904 Duraisingam, V. Skinner, N. (2005). Execution Appraisal. In N. Skinner, A.M. Roche, J. O’connor, Y. Pollard, C. Todd (Eds.), Workforce Development Tips (Theory into Practice Strategies): A Resource Kit for the Alcohol and Other Drugs Field. National Center for Education and Training on Addiction (Nceta), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia Full Circle Feedback. (2004). 360 Degree Feedback. Recovered From, Http://Www.Fullcirclefeedback.Com/Our-Services/360-Degree-Feedback-Explained.Htm Pfau, B. Kay, I. (2002). Does 360-Degree Feedback Negatively Affect Company Performance? Studies Show That 360-Degree Feedback May Do More Harm Than Good. What is The Problem? Hrmagazine, Jun 2002. 47, 6; 54â€60. Seifert, C., Yukl, G., McDonald, R. (2003). Impacts of Multisource Fe edback And A Feedback Facilitator on the Influence of Behavior of Managers Toward Subordinates. Diary of Applied Psychology, 88(3), 561â€569. Smither, J.W., London, M., And Reilly, R.R. (2005). Does Performance Improve Following Multisource Feedback? A Theoretical Model, Meta-Analysis And Review of Empirical Findings. Work force Psychology, 58, 33â€66

loftblogging 2 acoustic boogaloo

loftblogging 2 acoustic boogaloo I had a plan for this blog post: I was going to build a loft01 Quick loft backstory: East Campus gives us a lot of furniture freedom, and many people build lofts for their beds in order to acquire more floor space for other things. during REX, and then write about it. Then I had another plan for this blog post: I was going to build a loft before school starts, and then write about it. Then I had another plan for this blog post: I was going to build a loft in the first week of school, and then write about it. And here we are, in the fourth week of school. But hey! I did build that loft! And she is BEAUTIFUL: The inspiration for this loft started with a really, really old house. An inCREDIBLY COOL old house: the Gamble House, which was built in Pasadena in 1908 by Charles and Henry Greene.02 Who, fun fact, got their architecture degrees from this fine institution! My parents and I were in SoCal last March Break (to visit my four-year-old twin cousins!!!!) and we heard about it through a friend. Because I am a huge architecture/woodworking/crafts nerd, I knew we had to go on a tour; I spent the whole time just f r e a k i n g   o u t about how cool it was and then immediately bought the making-of book, already dreaming about all the things I could build in their beautiful Arts Crafts style. I still have the loft designs I scribbled on a napkin in the car on the way home. Six months later, it turns out that, well, its difficult to build extremely beautiful and fancy things when you are a full time student living in a dorm who doesnt have a lot of woodworking experience and owns almost none of their own tools But all those things considered, I think I didnt do too badly. One of the features that immediately caught my eye was how every single thing in the Gamble House is rounded (even the mf-ing bricks); there are no sharp edges. You can run your hand over every piece of the house, and it feels like a soft, smooth wooden hug. I didnt exactly have the proper tools to pull this off (ideally, a wood router), so instead I just used an orbital sander03 An electric spinning tool to which you attach a piece of sandpaper so you can sand wood faster and without getting carpal tunnel to veeeeeeery carefully sand down each individual sharp edge until it blended into a soft corner. This was difficult. Before and after orbital sanding the edge of a piece of test wood. I liked the way the result softened the piece, but really disliked the uneven look (which I mostly managed to refine in later iterations). Another thing I loved was the richness of the wood: everything in the Gamble House is made of very dark-coloured wood, but it shines so beautifully that looking at it immediately brings to mind the warmth of a low fire. Unfortunately, I make student money and am not in a position to just order up a pallet of beautiful teak or mahogany, nor do I have anywhere near the skill required to do those materials the justice they would deserve. So instead, I bought the cheapest dimensional lumber available at Lowes and then sanded, stained, and varnished the heck out of it. An arrow pointing right Previous An arrow pointing right Next Lastly, I really loved the shapes of things in the Gamble House and the way they fit together. That one particular shape you mightve already noticed in the photos above is called a cloud lift: the Greene brothers used it everywhere, and Im in love with the way it turns a simple object into a just very slightly whimsical and elegant design. In the car on that napkin, and later on graph paper, I drew out cloud lift lofts, over and over, trying to get it right and figure out what the relative lengths of everything had to be to make it look like the ones I had seen. And then I switched cutting tools like three times trying to figure out how to actually cut the wood that way. And then I gave up on doing the most complicated and best looking version, simplified it, and switched cutting tools again. This all took a long. ass. time. And meanwhile, I was trying to run REX install new flooring in my room meet my floors new freshmen attend my classes attend a truly horrendous number of extracurricular meetings do my homework and also my other homework and also my other other homework So its been a long time. There was a week or so, after I realized that finishing before school starts was an illusion of the highest order, when I planned to just post before the loft was done. Except, surprise, I was spending all my available free time, energy, and mental space working on the loft! And to be honest, it was really hard. Of course, Id started out with lofty goals04 NO PUN INTENDED I SWEAR and had had to scale down, but I hadnt anticipated having to scale down, and down, and down. And things went wrong, because of course they do; but unlike in a class, where I can always go to office hours or ask my TA, sometimes I was just in the basement, alone, at midnight, trying to varnish the wood, getting dust in it and wiping it off over and over, feeling like I would never be able to finish successfully. (Although, thank god there was someone with me the time I accidentally spilled the wood stain everywhere, and thank you so, so much for helping me clean everything up.) It took so long to get anything done, and afterwards there was always another step, and another mistake to make that I wouldnt see coming or be able to fix, and another night of falling into bed exhausted, having neglected everything else I was hoping to get done that day and feeling unsatisfied with the work I had accomplished. Spoiler alert: theres still some dust in the varnish. And Ive made well, Im in the process of making my peace with that. I can tell you so many things that are wrong in the pictures of my loft: so much I should probably fix in the future, and so much that I didnt see coming in the past and will never be able to fix now. But Im trying to set that aside, and appreciate that I turned a pile of plain, straight, white, splintery wood into this: The empty space is about 18. Theres going to be a shelf there soon! Photo credits go to Maxwell Yun 21. And now I can sleep easy. Post Tagged #East Campus #lofts #woodworking Quick loft backstory: East Campus gives us a lot of furniture freedom, and many people build lofts for their beds in order to acquire more floor space for other things. back to text ? back to text ? An electric spinning tool to which you attach a piece of sandpaper so you can sand wood faster and without getting carpal tunnel back to text ? NO PUN INTENDED I SWEAR back to text ?

Definition and Examples of Clustering in Composition

In composition, a discovery strategy in which the writer groups ideas in a nonlinear fashion, using lines and circles to indicate relationships. Clustering Clustering (sometimes also known as branching or mapping) is a structured technique based on the same associative principles as brainstorming and listing. Clustering is distinct, however, because it involves a slightly more developed heuristic (Buzan Buzan, 1993; Glenn et al., 2003; Sharples, 1999; Soven, 1999). Clustering procedures vary considerably, although the fundamental objective is to equip students with tools for arranging words, phrases, concepts, memories, and propositions triggered by a single stimulus (i.e., a piece of information, a topic, a provocative question, a metaphor, a visual image). As with other [invention] techniques..., clustering should first be modeled and practiced in class so students can eventually incorporate the tool into their own repertoire of invention and planning strategies.(Dana Ferris and John Hedgcock, Teaching ESL Composition: Purpose, Process, and Practice, 2nd ed. Lawrence Erlbaum, 2005) Guidelines for Teaching the Clustering Process What instructions should you give to begin this prewriting process? I have found the following both appropriate and effective:(Gabriele Lusser Rico, Clustering: A Prewriting Process, in Practical Ideas for Teaching Writing As a Process, ed. by Carol B. Olson. Diane, 1996)Tell students that they are going to use a tool that will enable them to write more easily and more powerfully, a tool similar to brainstorming.Encircle a word on the board--for example, energy--and ask students, What do you think of when you see that word? Encourage all responses. Cluster these responses, radiating outward. When they have finished giving their responses, say, See how many ideas there are floating around in your heads? Now, if you cluster all by yourself, you will have a set of connections as unique to your own mind as a thumbprint is to your thumb.Now ask students to cluster a second word for themselves. Before they begin, tell them that the clustering process should take no more than one or two min utes and that the paragraph they will write should take about eight minutes. Ask them to keep clustering until the Aha! shift, signaling that their mind is holding something they can shape into a whole. In writing, the only constraint is that they come full circle: i.e., that they do not leave the writing unfinished. Some excellent words are afraid or try or help.After they finish writing, ask students to give a title to what they have written that is suggestive of the whole. Mind-Mapping Mind-mapping is a colorful and creative method of generating, organizing, and remembering ideas. To mind-map, write your topic in the center of a blank page within a visual representation of your topic, such as a giant musical note, a sailboat, or scuba gear. If no central image comes to mind, use a box, heart, circle, or other shape. Then use various colors of ink to color-code related ideas. From the central figure draw radiating lines like the rays of the sun or branches and roots of a tree. Then, as you think of parts of the subject you wish to discuss, jot down pictures, key words, or phrases on or near these lines. Also add examples and subparts using branching lines and more images and words. If you do not already have a central focus for your essay, watch for a key phrase or image as you complete your exploration.(Diana Hacker and Betty Renshaw, Writing With a Voice, 2nd ed. Scott, Foresman, 1989) Also Known As: branching, mapping

Population Growth Density Dependent Factors Abstract...

Population Growth: Density dependent factors Abstract Sets of experiments were used to assess the growth rate of the Lemna minor, a duckweed population. The growth of Lemna minor was observed and followed by counting and recording the number of thalli on a weekly basis. These experiments were constructed lab models which varied the size of the starting thalli population, and varied the nutrient concentration the thali were placed in. In the first experimental model two plastic cups were prepared with pond water, then two healthy lemna minor plants were placed in the first cup while fifteen healthy lemna minor plants were placed in the second cup. The second experimental model consisted of four nutrient concentrations, a control model of no nutrients, a low nutrient model, a medium nutrient model and a high nutrient model. At high density populations, we observed a nonlinear decreasing growth rate with increasing lemna minor density. At very low densities, as expected, we observed an inverse density dependence. Duckweed reproduces by budding, causing a larger density to reproduce a greater amount of biomass. This would indicate that Duckweed likes overcrowding, and this may be a possible clue to the limiting factor in the growth of Duckweed. Introduction Lemna minor, commonly known as duckweed, is efficient and fast growing, making it an ideal experimental organism. It is known as a small aquatic monocotyledon which can be found floating in ponds, lakes or streams (Harper,Show MoreRelatedThe Effects of Population Density on the Reproduction and Survival of Daphnia Magna2308 Words   |  10 PagesAbstract The population dynamics of Daphnia magna are observed under three different conditions; low, medium, and high density. The effects of different population densities on the survivorship and reproduction of Daphnia are observed over a two-week period within a lab environment. Over the two week period, the numbers of parent Daphnia alive and dead are recorded daily, along with the amount of offspring produced each day. From the main parameter investigated, the net reproductive rate, theRead MoreInstitutions as a Fundamental Cause of Long-Run14323 Words   |  58 PagesAS A FUNDAMENTAL CAUSE OF LONG-RUN GROWTH DARON ACEMOGLU 1 , Department of Economics, MIT, 50 Memorial Drive E52-3806, Cambridge, MA 02142 e-mail: damn@mit.edu SIMON JOHNSON Sloan School o f h f a ~ g e m e n t , MIT, 50 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02142 e-mail: sjohnson@mit.edu JAMES A. ROBINSON Deparhnent of Government, WCFIA, Harvard University, 1033 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138 e-mail: jmbinson@gov.harvard.edu Contents Abstract Keywords 1. Introduction 1.1. TheRead MoreGlobal Climate Change : A Threat Of Aphid Populations Essay8320 Words   |  34 PagesClimate Change: A Threat to Aphid Populations Abstract Global climate change is a matter of grave concern in the present scenario casting its significant and lasting effect on the flora and fauna dwelling over earth. A number of factors such as biotic processes, variations in solar radiation received by earth, plate tectonics, volcanic eruptions certain human activities can be considered as key components responsible for this devastating phenomenon. Aphid populations are also under potential threatRead MoreNihms4511 Words   |  19 PagesNational Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892–4442, USA. Abstract $watermark-text The skin is the human body’s largest organ, colonized by a diverse milieu of microorganisms, most of which are harmless or even beneficial to their host. Colonization is driven by the ecology of the skin surface, which is highly variable depending on topographical location, endogenous host factors and exogenous environmental factors. The cutaneous innate and adaptive immune responses can modulateRead MoreInstitution as the Fundamental Cause of Long Tern Growth39832 Words   |  160 PagesNBER WORKING PAPER SERIES INSTITUTIONS AS THE FUNDAMENTAL CAUSE OF LONG-RUN GROWTH Daron Acemoglu Simon Johnson James Robinson Working Paper 10481 http://www.nber.org/papers/w10481 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 May 2004 Prepared for the Handbook of Economic Growth edited by Philippe Aghion and Steve Durlauf. We thank the editors for their patience and Leopoldo Fergusson, Pablo Querubà ­n and Barry Weingast for their helpful suggestions. TheRead MoreSurvival Strategy for Startup Business10775 Words   |  44 Pagesappreciate the comments of the journal associate editor and reviewers, as well as the financial support of the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation. All remaining errors are ours. Product Strategies and Firm Survival in Technologically Dynamic Industries ABSTRACT Studying the US personal computer industry from its inception in 1974 through 1994, we address the following questions. What product strategies increase the survival chances of entrants into new, technologically dynamic industries? Does the effectivenessRead MoreMonte Carlo Simulation218872 Words   |  876 Pages19 21 25 32 36 39 39 39 43 44 47 49 53 54 58 63 63 65 71 79 79 79 90 93 2 3 x Contents 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.2.1 Basic Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 3.2.2 Path-Dependent Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 3.2.3 Multiple Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Gaussian Short Rate Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108Read MoreImpact of Globalization and Bangladesh18126 Words   |  73 PagesMONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT Over the past decades, globalization has now become a new world order, which virtually influences everything that comes in our mind. Developing countries like Bangladesh with vulnerable geopolitical locations and weak economies are now lookingRead More4g Communication22481 Words   |  90 Pages4G WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Anto vinoth.M, Punith Maharishi.Y.R antovinoth.m@gmail.com maharishipunith@yahoo.com Abstract— Mobile communication is continuously one of the hottest areas that are developing at a booming speed, with advanced techniques emerging in all the fields of mobile and wireless communications. With this rapid development it is expected that fourth generation mobile systems will be launched within decades. 4G mobile systems focus on seamlessly integrating the existingRead MoreRetailing Characteristics of Fast Food Stores and Their Impact on Customer Sales and Satisfaction29639 Words   |  119 Pages Research Framework and Methodology 3.1 Research purpose†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.2 Hypothesis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3.3 Data Collection†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.4 Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.5 Factor Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ï  ¶ Chap-4 Result and Interpretation 4.1 Interpretation of Result†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ï  ¶ Chap-5 Suggestions and Managerial Implications ï  ¶ Chap-6 Limitations of the study References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..

Mamie Clark Free Essays

Running head: MAMIE CLARK 1 Famous Person in Psychology: Mamie Phipps Clark MAMIE CLARK 2 Famous Person in Psychology: Mamie Phipps Clark Mamie Phipps Clark was born in Hot Spring, Arkansas on April 18, 1917 to Dr. Harold and Katie Phipps. Due to her father having a practice in town the family had achieved middle class status and was allowed into many establishments that were normally whites only, which during that time in Arkansas was rarely heard of. We will write a custom essay sample on Mamie Clark or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even though few higher educational opportunities were open to black students, after graduating from Langston High School in 1934, Mamie was offered several scholarships and chose to accept one from Howard University. (Cherry,2013) Mamie chose to study at Howard University because it was located in the nation’s capital and because of the many accomplished black members of its faculty whom she viewed as role models. She began her studies at Howard as a math major, minoring in physics. There she met her future husband, Kenneth B. Clark, who was studying for his master’s in psychology. After not getting much encouragement from her professor’s in mathematics, Kenneth encouraged Mamie to change her major to psychology for employment possibilities and the chance to explore her interest in children. (Cherry, 2013) When completing her master’s degree in 1939, she worked and studied children in an all-black preschool. During that time she met with pyschologists, Ruth and Gene Harley who were studying self-identification in young children and encouraged Mamie to do the same with the children in the preschool. This resulted in her completed thesis â€Å"The Development of Consciousness of Self in Negro Pre-School Children†. (Cherry,2013) MAMIE CLARK 3 Mamie transferred to Columbia University to finish her doctorate degree, where she graduated in 1943 as the second African American to earn a degree (first eing her husband, Kenneth Clark). Then Drs. Mamie and Kenneth Clark used their research with children to show that black children became aware of their racial identity by the age of 3 and by segregating them from white children the children saw their race as negative. This led the Clark’s to present their findings during desegregation trials for the NAACP’s case in Brown v. Board of Education, which overturned racial segregation in public schools in 1954. (Mamie Clark, 2013) After several years working in public and private social services being unsatisfied with what she saw, Mamie founded the Northside Center for Child Development, the first center to provide therapy for children in Harlem. At a time when public schools were illegally enrolling many black children into programs for the mentally handicapped, the center conducted its own intelligence tests, fought the schools, and empowered the local population. Realizing that therapy alone could not address the affects of racism on the community, Northside also assisted families with their housing and financial difficulties. Mamie Clark worked for Northside until retirement in 1980 and died three years later of cancer. (Mamie Clark, 2013) Using the Sociocultural aspect of psychology, it is easily seen that Mamie Clark was influenced by social and cultural she experienced in her life. Growing up in Arkansas during the times where racism were very apparent and segregation was dominant, she was fortunate enough to have been born into a middle class family. Mamie was able to see both sides of the segregation by being allowed into white establishments. This had a significant impact on her way of thinking, she wanted to both races to be seen equally and this eventually led to her involvement in the desegregation of public schools. MAMIE CLARK 4 References Mamie Clark, a Supporter of the Black Child. (2013). Retrieved on January 18, 2013 from http://www. aaregistry. org/historic_events/view/mamie-clark-supporter-black-child Cherry, Kendra. Mamie Phipps Clark Biography. (2013). Retrieved on January 18, 2013 from How to cite Mamie Clark, Papers

Characteristics of Developing Countries free essay sample

The Structure of Industry †¢ It is widely assumed that all developing countries depend upon the production and exporting of primary products. †¢ While this may be true of many developing countries, many are reliant on basic manufactured products for exports. eg: Bangladesh) †¢ Others such as Cape Verde and Maldives are actually mainly exporters of services in the form of tourism. 6. Per Capita Income Levels †¢ Although it is often assumed that all developing countries have very low levels of income per capita, we should be aware that there are marked differences between per capita income from developing country to developing country. †¢ Venezuela has a high GDP per capita, but it is still very much a developing country. 7. Political Structures Developing countries have very different political structures from each other. Democracies Such as Brazil, Indonesia and Mexico Monarchies Such as Brunei and Tobago Military Rule Such as Myanmar and Pakistan Single Party Rule Such as China, Cuba and Syria Transitional Political Systems Where a country is in transition often caused by conflict and civil war and cannot be classified (e. We will write a custom essay sample on Characteristics of Developing Countries or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page g. Somalia) Within each structure, there are of course many substructures. Example Democracies may be presidential systems, semi-presidential systems, parliamentary republics or constitutional monarchies. o The main point is that with developing countries being so diverse in their systems or government, it is very difficult to establish one-size-fits all solutions to developmental problems. To conclude, we can say that while there are some common characteristics that are held by developing countries to some degree, there are also several significant differences. o One must be very cautious in making generalizations that imply that all developing countries are the same Characteristics of Developing Countries free essay sample Characteristics of Developing Countries BY Hafeez260 The theme of this essay is: the importance of a study of other semi-developed countries as they struggle for economic growth, the elimination of mass poverty and, at the political level, for democratisation and the reduction of reliance on coercion. New countries are finding their voices in all sorts of ways and are managing to interest an international audience. South Africa is not least among them; contemporary international consciousness of the travail of our particular path towards modernity testifies at least to a considerable national talent for dramatic ommunication and (for those who care to look more deeply) a far from extinct tradition of moral conscientiousness. One aspect of this flowering is a rapidly growing crop of social scientific studies of semi-developed countries of which this university is fortunate to have a substantial collection, contained mainly in the library of Jan Smuts House. From this literature, one can extract five themes of particular interest. We will write a custom essay sample on Characteristics of Developing Countries or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The first is the problem of uneven development and effective national unification, especially in deeply divided societies. Capitalist development has mpinged on semi-developed countries from outside rather than transforming slowly from within, incorporating different groups in different ways. Particular problems arise when differential incorporation coincides in substantial measure with boundaries between ethnic groups. If Donald Horowitzs remarkable study of ethnic groups in conflict is right, more energy goes into attempting to maximise differences in the welfare of in groups and out groups than into maximising their Joint welfare, with adverse consequences for the possibilities of building the national political and economic institutions required for development. Gordon Tullock has argued that this is an additional reason for preferring market-based rather than state-led economic growth in deeply divided societies. In itself it is, but the secondary effects of different paths on distribution have to be taken into account. In so far as they lead to worsening differentials between groups, the possibility of heightened conflict is created. The only long-term hope is to make ethnic boundaries less salient; the happiest outcome would seem to be when ethnicity becomes decorative in a high income economic environment. This is likely to be the work of decades, perhaps of enturies; even so, appalling retrogressions always seem to remain possible. The consequence of deep divisions is that there is likely to exist an unusually large number of prisoners dilemma situations. The prisoners dilemma arises when partners in crime are apprehended and held separately. The prisoners will be Jointly better off if they do not inform on each other, but each prisoner will be better off if he informs on the other, while the other does not inform on him. Attempts at individual maximisation may lead to both prisoners informing on each other which leads to the orst Joint outcome. The dilemma arises because of the absence of the o pportunity for co-operation. ) Under such conditions, negotiation skills are at a premium. There are also advantages in the acceptance of a deontological liberal philosophy which (in the shorthand of political philosophers) places the right over the good. This involves seeking to regulate social relations by Just procedures while leaving individuals as free as possible to pursue their own, diverse conceptions of the good life. Such an attention should be paid simultaneously to the reduction of poverty. The analytical Marxist, Adam Przeworski has analysed analogous problems which arise in the case of severe class conflict. In his view, social democratic compromises are held together by virtue of the propensity of capitalists to reinvest part of their profits with the effect of increasing worker incomes in the future. Class compromise is made possible by two simultaneous expectations: workers expect that their incomes will rise over time, while capitalists expect to be able to devote some of their profits to consumption. In conditions of severe class conflict, these expectations about the future become ncertain, time horizons shorten, workers become militant, capitalists disinvest and political instability results. Three forms of resolution are available: stabilising external intervention, negotiation or renegotiation of a social contract or the strengthening of the position of one or other class by a shift towards conservatism or revolution. Przeworskis sternest warnings are to Marxists who assume that revolution and the introduction of socialism is the inevitable outcome of a crisis. The second theme in the literature on semi-developed countries has to do with their position within the world economy. Three related sub-themes can be identified. Firstly, there has been a debate about the forms and limits of the diffusion of industrialisation. Dependency theory now somewhat out of fashion, since its predictions of severe limitations on industrialisation in developing countries have been falsified asserted that relationships between developing and developed countries are such as to keep the latter in perpetual economic subordination. The contrary thesis that advanced industrial countries have had to deal with increased competition arising from quite widespread diffusion now seems more plausible.